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Special formed

Gadolinium  
Formula: Gd
Alias / Keywords: Gadolinium Rod, Gadolinium Metal Rod, Gd Rod, Gd Metal Rod, Gadolinium Tube, Gadolinium Metal Tube, Gd Tube, Gd Metal Tube, Gadolinium Circle, Gadolinium Metal Circle, Gd Circle, Gd Metal Circle, Gadolinium Plate, Gadolinium Metal Plate, Gd Plate, Gd Metal Plate, Gadolinium Disc, Gadolinium Metal Disc, Gd Disc, Gd Metal Disc, Gadolinium Sheet, Gadolinium Metal Sheet, Gd Sheet, Gd Metal Sheet, Gadolinium Foil, Gadolinium Metal Foil, Gd Foil, Gd Metal Foil, Gadolinium Wire, Gadolinium Metal Wire, Gd Wire, Gd Metal Wire, Gadolinium Bar, Gadolinium Metal Bar, Gd Bar, Gd Metal Bar, Gadolinium Powder, Gadolinium Metal Powder, Gd Powder, Gd Metal Powder, Gadolinium Block, Gadolinium Metal Block, Gd Block, Gd Metal Block, Gadolinium Cubit, Gadolinium Metal Cubit, Gd Cubit, Gd Metal Cubit, Gadolinium Crucible, Gadolinium Metal Crucible, Gd Crucible, Gd Metal Crucible
Item no.: 931064
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Gadolinium is silvery white, has a metallic lustre, and is is malleable and ductile. It is ferromagnetic (strongly attracted by a magnet), ductile and malleable metal, and widely used for making speciality alloys, MRI(magnetic Resonance Imaging), superconductive materials and magnetic refrigerator. The metal is relatively stable in dry air, but in moist air it tarnishes with the formation of a loosely adhering oxide film which "spalls" off and exposes more surface to oxidation. The metal reacts slowly with water and is soluble in dilute acid. Gadolinium has the highest thermal neutron capture cross-section of any known element.


[Bohr Model of Gadolinium]
Atomic Volume: 19.9 W/D
Boiling Point: 3273°C
Compressibility: 2.56x10-6cm2/kg
Covalent Radius: 1.61Angstroms
Crystal Structure: Hexagonal
Density (18°C): 7.9g/cm3
Electrical Resistivity (298K): 131.0 μΩ-cm
Electronegativity: 1.1Pauling's
First Ionization Energy:142K-cal/g-mole
Heat of Fusion: 3.70 k-cal/g-atom
Heat of Vaporization: 72K-cal/g-atom
Magnetic Moment: 7.95Bohr magnetons
Magnetic Susceptibility: 356,000x10-6emu
Melting Point: 1312°C
Specific Heat (25°C): 0.070 cal/g°C
Standard Electrode Pontential: +2.2volts
Tensile Strength:27,600psi
Thermal Conductivity: 0.021cal/cm2/s/°C
Thermal Neutron Cross Section: 46,000barns/atom
Trasformation Temperature:1260°C
Yield Strength:25,100psi
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Applications

Gadolinium has found some use in control rods for nuclear reactors and nuclear power plants; it is used to make garnets for microwave applications and its compounds are used for making phosphorous for colour TV tubes. Metallic Gadolinium is rarely used as the metal itself, but its alloys are used to make magnets and electronic components such as recording heads for video recorders. It is also used for manufacturing compact disks and computer memory.

Gadolinium in the environment

Gadolinium is one of the more abundant rare-earth elements. It is never found as free element in nature, but it is contained in many rare minerals. The main mining areas are Cina, USA, Brazil, Sri Lanka, India and Australia with reserves expected to exceed one million tonnes. World production of pure Gadolinium is about 400 tonnes per year.

Health effects of Gadolinium

Gadolinium, as the other lanthanides, forms compounds of low to moderate toxicity. Gadolinium salts irritate skin and eyes and are suspected to be tumorigens. Gadolinium toxicity has not been investigated in detail.

Environmental effects of Gadolinium

Gadolilium poses no Environmental threat to plants and animals

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